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Pre-Diabetes
Understanding Prediabetes
Prediabetes is a state in which your blood sugar is higher than usual but not high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is like a warning before diabetes. People with prediabetes might not notice any obvious symptoms or signs, however, immediate action should be taken to avoid diabetes.1
In 2017, around 430,000 Singaporeans, which is about 14% of people aged 18–69 years, had prediabetes. Without further help, 1 in 3 of them could get T2D within 8 years.2 Additionally, studies have also predicted that by 2035, almost twice as many people will have prediabetes compared to 2010, with the number rising steadily from 15.5% to 29.4%.3
In 2022, the National Population Health Survey reported that from 2010 to 2022, the overall diabetes rate stayed around 8.5%. More men (9.7%) than women (7.3%) had diabetes in 2022. Diabetes rates increased with age, reaching 21.8% for ages 60–69 years and 24.2% for ages 70–74 years. Nearly 19% of people with diabetes did not know they had it.4
Exploring Health Complications of Prediabetes
Recognising Prediabetes Symptoms Early
Strategies for Prediabetes Management
References
1. Alvarez S, Coffey R, Algotar AM. Prediabetes. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459332/. Accessed on: 16 April 2024.
2. MOH | News Highlights. Available at: https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/ministry-of-health-studying-measures-to-better-support-persons-with-pre-diabetes. Accessed on: 16 April 2024.
3. Wong LY, Toh MPHS, Tham LWC. Projection of prediabetes and diabetes population size in Singapore using a dynamic Markov model. J Diabetes. 2017;9:65–75.
4. National Population Health Survey 2022.pdf. Available at: https://hpb.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/nphs-2022-survey-report.pdf. Accessed on: 5 June 2024.
5. Insulin Resistance & Prediabetes – NIDDK. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/what-is-diabetes/prediabetes-insulin-resistance. Accessed on: 16 April 2024.
6. Tabák AG, Herder C, Rathmann W, et al. Prediabetes: A high-risk state for developing diabetes. Lancet. 2012;379:2279–2290.
7. Subramaniam M, Lau JH, Asharani PV, et al. Sources of information on diabetes and its demographic correlates: A nationwide survey among Singapore residents. Health Promot Int. 2022;37:1–14.
8. Chen M-F, Wang R-H, Hung S-L. Predicting health-promoting self-care behaviors in people with pre-diabetes by applying Bandura social learning theory. Appl Nurs Res. 2015;28:299–304.
9. Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS, Ramasamy J. Role of self-care in management of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013;12:14.
10. Diabetic Eye Disease – NIDDK. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/diabetic-eye-disease. Accessed on: 6 June 2024.
11. Khan RMM, Chua ZJY, Tan JC, et al. From pre-diabetes to diabetes: Diagnosis, treatments and translational research. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55:546.
12. Appropriate Care Guide (ACG). Managing pre-diabetes – A growing health concern. Available at: https://www.ace-hta.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-library/managing-pre-diabetes-(updated-on-27-jul-2021)c2bfc77474154c2abf623156a4b93002.pdf. Accessed on: 13 May 2024.
13. Mirasol R, Thai AC, Salahuddin AA, et al. A consensus of key opinion leaders on the management of pre-diabetes in the Asia-Pacific Region. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc. 2017;32:6–12.
14. Yeung K-F, Gandhi M, Lam AYR, et al. The pre-diabetes interventions and continued tracking to ease-out diabetes (Pre-DICTED) program: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2021;22:522.
