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Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (HPV)

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) may lead to cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancer in women. It may also lead to anal cancer and genital warts in both men and women. Out of more than 100 subtypes of HPV, 16 are high risk for causing cancer. HPV can be transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact, and is mostly sexually transmitted.

There are 2 types of HPV vaccines:

  • Cervarix
    • Protects against 2 HPV subtypes 16 and 18, which account for 70% of all cervical cancers
    • Cervarix is approved for use in women aged 9-26 years
  • Gardasil 9
    • Protects against 9 HPV subtypes 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58
    • Gardasil 9 is approved for use in both men and women aged 9-45 years

Who should get the HPV Vaccine?

  • All females aged 9-26 are strongly recommended to get the vaccine to prevent cervical cancer
  • Females aged 26-45 can still be given the vaccination, although it may be less effective given that the likelihood of exposure to HPV increases with age
  • Males who are at higher risk of getting HPV
  • Have a discussion with your family doctor to decide if you should get the HPV vaccine

How is the vaccine given?

  • The HPV vaccinations are given as injections into the arm
  • For individuals aged 9 to 14 years, 2 doses are administered over 6 to 12 months
  • For individuals aged 15 to 45 years, or immunocompromised individuals, 3 doses are administered over 6 months

What are the common side effects of the vaccine?

  • Pain or swelling over the injection site
  • Fever, headache, body aches, tiredness
  • Stomach discomfort, nausea, diarrhea
  • Severe allergic reactions: rashes, eye swelling, lip swelling or difficulty breathing
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