Meningococcal disease is caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. It can cause serious infections like brain, lung, and blood infections. It spreads through direct person-to-person contact (through saliva during kissing) or via droplets from coughing and sneezing. While it is rare in Singapore, there is a high incidence of meningococcal disease in sub-Saharan Africa.
Who should get the Meningococcal Vaccine?
People travelling to Mecca for the Hajj or Umrah (required by the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health for all pilgrims at least 10 days before arrival or within the last 3 years)
People travelling to sub-Saharan Africa
People who are immunocompromised
People in close contact with patients who have meningococcal disease
How is the vaccine given?
The meningococcal vaccine is given as an injection into the arm
2 doses are administered 2 months apart for individuals with high risk for infection (asplenia, complement deficiencies, HIV infection) and individuals travelling to high-risk areas
What are the common side effects of the vaccine?
Pain or swelling over the injection site
Headache, tiredness
Severe allergic reactions: rashes, eye swelling, lip swelling or difficulty breathing
Typhoid Vaccine
Typhoid fever is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi. It causes symptoms of fever, rashes, abdominal pain and diarrhea or constipation. In severe cases, patient may develop confusion, intestinal bleeding, severe abdominal infection or blood infection. It is transmitted by the consumption of contaminated food or water.
Who should get the Typhoid Vaccine?
People travelling to areas with risk of exposure to Salmonella typhi, including Latin America, Africa and Asia (especially India, Pakistan and Bangladesh)
How is the vaccine given?
The typhoid vaccine is given as an injection into the arm
One dose is required, followed by a booster after 3 years if risk of exposure persists
What are the common side effects of the vaccine?
Pain or swelling over the injection site
Fever, headache or muscle aches
Nausea
Severe allergic reactions: rashes, eye swelling, lip swelling or difficulty breathing