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Empowering Women’s Health: Shedding Light on Cancers That Affect Women
As we celebrate International Women’s Day in March, it’s essential to shine a spotlight on women’s health issues, particularly the cancers that commonly affect them. Cancer is a challenging and sensitive topic, but knowledge is empowering. In this article, we’ll explore some of the cancers that frequently impact women. Let’s raise awareness, inspire prevention, and support the well-being of women worldwide.
Breast Cancer: A Call for Early Detection
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally and in Singapore 1. Statistically, 1 in 13 women will get breast cancer in their lifetime, based on the Singapore Cancer Registry Annual Report 2018.
Encouragingly, early detection through monthly breast self-exams, clinical breast exams, and mammograms can significantly improve survival rates 2.
If there are no perceptible breast lumps or abnormalities, the Singapore Cancer Society recommends an annual breast mammogram from the age of 40-49 years old, and a 2-yearly mammogram from ages 50 and above.
By promoting awareness and timely screenings, we empower women to take charge of their breast health and detect potential concerns early on.
Cervical Cancer: Prevention through Vaccination and Screening
Cervical cancer is primarily caused by the high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which has a predominant mode of spread through sexual intercourse. Vaccination against HPV and regular cervical cancer screenings, such as Pap tests and HPV testing, help to identify precancerous changes or early-stage cancers 3. Speak to your doctor about HPV vaccination as this is a strongly evidenced and effective way to prevent cervical cancer.
Ovarian Cancer: Recognizing Symptoms and Risk Factors
Ovarian cancer often presents with nonspecific symptoms, making early detection challenging. However, being aware of potential warning signs like bloating, pelvic pain, changes in appetite, and urinary symptoms can prompt early medical evaluation 4. Understanding risk factors, such as a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, can guide women to make informed decisions about genetic testing and preventive measures.
Endometrial Cancer: Understanding Hormonal Influences
Endometrial cancer affects the lining of the uterus and is often associated with hormonal imbalances, including estrogen dominance 5. Maintaining a healthy weight, managing hormonal conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and discussing any irregular menstrual bleeding with healthcare providers can contribute to early detection and prevention.
Colorectal Cancer: Screening for Women Too
Colorectal cancer affects both men and women and is the most common cancer for Singaporeans. It is usually asymptomatic in its early stages. Encouragingly, routine screenings, such as colonoscopies and a simple non-invasive stool sampling test, can detect precancerous polyps and early-stage cancers 6.
Maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber, and leading an active lifestyle can help women lower their risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Screening should begin at age 50 years for individuals without any risk factors – with an annual stool test or a colonoscopy every 10 years. In individuals with an increased risk, screening should begin earlier, before the age of 50, depending on the risk factor(s) present.
Lung Cancer: Smoking as the leading risk factor
Lung cancer, often associated with smoking, is not exclusive to men. It affects women as well, and non–smokers can develop lung cancer due to other risk factors such as exposure to secondhand smoke, radon, or environmental pollutants 7. While there currently does not exist any routine screening guidelines, the best prevention will be about avoiding the common triggers : encouraging smoking cessation, and minimizing exposure to carcinogens can help protect lung health.
On this International Women’s Day, let’s celebrate the strength and resilience of women while shining a light on the cancers that frequently impact their lives. By promoting awareness, early detection, and prevention measures, we hope to empower women to prioritize their health and well-being. Remember, knowledge, support, and regular screenings are the pillars of a proactive approach to women’s health.
References:
1. World Health Organization. (2021). Breast Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer
2. American Cancer Society. (2022). Breast Cancer Early Detection and Diagnosis. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection.html
3. American Cancer Society. (2021). HPV and Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/infectious-agents/hpv/hpv-and-cancer-info.html
4. American Cancer Society. (2021). Signs and Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/ovarian-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html
5. American Cancer Society. (2022). Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/endometrial-cancer.html
6. American Cancer Society. (2022). Colorectal Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer.html
7. American Cancer Society. (2022). Lung Cancer in Women. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer-in-women.html
